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Alois Mlambo and Brian Raftopoulos (2010). Zimbabwe's multilayered crisis. Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Brief 3)

Once a vibrant and dynamic society, Zimbabwe has since the turn of the millennium gone through a complex multilayered and pervasive series of catastrophes. Political instability, lawlessness, misgovernment and a relentless economic meltdown has transformed this leading southern African nation into an international pariah. While measures have been taken to improve the situation, there continues to be a constellation of factors that challenge the ability to come to terms with the current political confrontation between the regime and the opposition.